Climate variability already negatively impacts livelihoods and this is likely to continue. Estimates suggest climate change may reduce ethiopias gdp up to 10 percent by 2045, primarily through impacts on agricultural productivity. Rainfall is one of the most important climatic variables that has a direct and indirect impact on agricultural production and ecosystem health weldegerima et al. Implications for household food security in agropastoral areas of jigjiga district, eastern ethiopia yared lemma1, fekadu beyene2 and bekele hundie3 abstract ethiopia is one of the most vulnerable countries of the world to the impacts of climate change and variability. The objective of the study was to assess the impacts of climate change and variability on. Ministry of environment, forest and climate change, ethiopia. Primary and secondary data were collected using methods such as questionnaire. Local climate variability and crop production in the. Key messages the coffee growing landscape of ethiopia is varied and complex coffee farming in ethiopia takes place over a vast area, under a wide variety of production systems and various growing conditions, with many different cultivation practices. This presentation attempts to revise the knowledge of the climate of ethiopia by means of updated, longer time series and including a larger number of meteostations than previous studies. Study session 11 impacts of climate change in ethiopia. The impact is even stronger in pastoral areas of the country. Climate change and the ethiopian economy resources for the.
Climate and environmental risk screening for rural water. Pdf climate change in ethiopia variability, impact, mitigation, and. Abebe tadege this report is the output of a project entitled preparation of national adaptation programme of action for ethiopia that was supported by the gef through the undp. Most rural people live in the highlands and middlehighlands, which comprise only onethird of the country, and this population tends to be. Such variability is called random variability or noise. Its exposure in turn impacted all dimension of food security. Between 1951 and 2006, the annual minimum temperature in ethiopia increased by about 0. In such dry regions of east africa, most agricultural households are pastoralists or agropastoralists who struggle to cope with current climate variability cf. Foremost among these burdens are the insufficiently developed water resources, sparse availability of health services, inadequate road infrastructure particularly in droughtprone areas, and weak institutions. This was done to establish how agroforestry practices and products contribute to resilience to climate variability among farmers in vihiga sub county. Climate variability and change in ethiopia summary of. Impacts of climate variability on tree demography in second growth tropical forests. Study area experience high impacts of climate variability and change. Studies on the impact of climate change on growth and poverty in ethiopia should focus on the agricultural sector for it is undoubtedly the most important, and sensitive, sector to climate change.
Ethiopia provides a good example of the influence of climate variability on a developing countrys economy. We used monthly rainfall and temperature data from 2 points each representing a pixel of 10. Climate change in ethiopia variability, impact, mitigation, and adaptation article pdf available may 2016 with 22,774 reads how we measure reads. Between 1960 and 2006, the mean annual temperature increased by 1. Impact of climate change on food security in ethiopia.
However, studies on the actual climate change dynamics and its effect on food security at local and household levels are limited. Analysis of spatial variability and temporal trends of. The upper blue nile basin in ethiopia harbors considerable untapped potential for irrigation and largescale hydropower development and expansion. The study also investigated determinant factors influencing. We use a balanced panel household data set collected in 2000, 2004, 2007 and 2010 from eight agroregional zones and climate data from 1980 to 2010. This study was conducted at konso district in southern ethiopia. The study aims to analyze climate variability and farmers perception in. Genderdifferentiated impacts of climate variability in. Drought is the single most destructive climaterelated natural hazard in ethiopia. Small countries with gdp concentrated in a few climate sensitive sectors can see substantial portions of their land area and economic sectors affected by extreme weather events and disasters. Assessing the evidence of climate variability in the. One of the reasons for limited investigation of climate change and variability over ethiopia is absence of homogeneous and continuous climate variables such as temperature and rainfall.
The usaid climate change adaptation thought leadership and assessment atlas activity has undertaken field work and analysis to provide guidance to the food for peace ffp program in ethiopia aimed at identifying. A household questionnaire survey was employed to collect data at a household level. Vulnerability, risk reduction, and adaptation to climate. Climate variability is the term to describe variations in the mean state and other characteristics of climate such as chances or possibility of extreme weather, etc. Ethiopian economy is sensitive to climate variability, particularly variations in rainfall. Evidences show that since 1960 the mean annual temperature of the country has risen by about 1. Highresolution monthly rainfall database for ethiopia. Socioecological vulnerability to climate changevariability. Climate variability increases the risks of hunger in the region as it affects all four. Drought is the single most destructive climate related natural hazard in ethiopia. Ethiopia, like other countries in the region, is highly exposed to climate change and variability and has experienced several food crises during the last decade viste et al. Impacts of climate variability on tree demography in second. Characterizing vulnerability of cropbased rural systems.
Study session 11 impacts of climate change in ethiopia introduction. Livestock and crop production risks due to climate variability are widespread in the arid and semiarid lands asals of subsaharan africa. Climate variability and climate change likely are significant contributing factors in the food security challenges ethiopia currently experiences and will experience going forward. Climate variability describes the way climate elements such as temperature and rainfall depart from the average value in given months, seasons, years, decades or centuries.
The adverse effects of climate change and variability forced them to design proper adaptation strategies. Both climate variability and change have been occurring in ethiopia. Vulnerability of southern afar pastoralists to climate. Gridded annual temperature and precipitation data were obtained from the national meteorological agency. Adapting to future climate changes would require developing systems capable of absorbing the current climate shocks and at the same time integrate future climate change risks. Effects of climate variability and change on agricultural. Climate variability rainfall temperature ethiopia abstract examining the spatiotemporal dynamics of meteorological variables in the context of changing climate, particularly in countries where rainfed agriculture is predominant, is vital to assess climate induced changes and. Investments in education serve as an important pathway out of poverty, yet reduced agricultural. Analysis of adaptation to climate variability and change in uganda. Therefore, ethiopia is affected by the changes as part of the global system. Effects of climate change variability on agricultural.
Ethiopian agriculture currently accounts for close to 42 percent of ethiopia s output, employs 85 percent. Introduction there is a growing understanding that climate variability and change poses serious challenges to development in ethiopia. Our paper offers new insights into the social impacts of global environmental change in subsaharan. Over the period 1901 to 2010, global mean sea level rose by 0. Basic climatic parameters such as temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, wind, evapotranspiration. The effect of climate change variability and change on crop production longterm mean climate change will have significance impacts on global food production and may require ongoing adaptation, greater risks to food security may be posed by changes in yeartoyear variability. Climate system 7 climate variability and climate change 8 effects of global warming on the climate system 8 acclimatization, adaptation and mitigation 8 climate change and food security 9 agriculture, climate and food security 9 food security and climate change. Poverty, vulnerability, and climate variability in ethiopia oxfam. Research is also shedding light on actions that might be taken to limit the magnitude of.
It is for this reason that this study sought to investigate how agroecological and climate smart systems like agroforestry could contribute towards enhancing the resilience of the agricultural sector in general and smallholder farmers in particular, faced with. Weather and climate extremes indiaenvironmentportal. Climate change, climate change variability, climate change drivers, impacts of. Weexamine the changingnature of climate risks using analysis of recent climate variability, future climate. At the same time, they can influence greenhouse gas emissions, the main cause of climate change, positively or negatively. Local institutions, external interventions, and adaptations to climate variability 8 introduction the purpose of this study was to understand the role of local institutions in assisting the borana pastoralists of southern ethiopia in dealing with droughts. Assessing the evidence of climate variability in the northern part of. Department of agriculture, forest service, southern research station, center for integrated forest science and synthesis at north carolina state university, department of forestry and environmental resources, campus box 8008, raleigh, nc 27695. Studies regarding vulnerability to climate change variability in ethiopia were mainly focused on national andor regional levels deressa et al. Climate context the climate of ethiopia is tropical in the south. Ethiopia s climate varies from tropical rainy to desert, with mean. Missing data are, in particular, a source of problems in climate research e. Climate change national adaptation programme of action napa of ethiopia editor. Adaptation of agriculture to climate change in semiarid borena, ethiopia.
Climate changevariability impacts on farmers livelihoods. Genderdifferentiated impacts of climate variability in ethiopia. So while climate change may be the practical hook for framing problems, the most pressing issues remain. Small countries with gdp concentrated in a few climatesensitive sectors can see substantial portions of their land area and economic sectors affected by extreme weather events and disasters. Global change research program published a report stating. University of dar es salaam a dissertation entitled.
Enhancing farmers resilience to climate variability. Analysis of climate impacts on food security and livelihoods. In this regard, vulnerability is a function of the character, magnitude, and rate of climate variation to which a system is ex posed, its sensitivity, and its adaptive capacity 4. The seasonality of rainfall varies in different areas of ethiopia. Poverty, vulnerability, and climate variability in ethiopia. Generally, climate variability is not a recent situation to ethiopia because of the numerous and frequent droughts occurrences over the years. Development on the blue nile in ethiopia considering transient conditions, climate variability, and climate change paul block1 and kenneth strzepek2 abstract. Historical and more recent climate related events such as the 20082009 and 2011 food security crises in the horn of africa have highlighted the impact of droughts and floods on food production, access to. The study aims to analyze climate variability and farmers perception in southern ethiopia. Analysis of vulnerability and resilience to climate change. Climate change is expected to increase the surface temperature of the earth and the oceans, raise sea levels, alter the global distribution of rainfall, affect the direction of ocean currents and major airstreams, and increase the intensity and frequency of extreme weather events. Such new conditions, associated with climate change, will have major negative impacts on crop productivity of many cereal crops, including wheat, adding more suffering to the growing populations and poorresource farmers in dry areas. Farmers perception and adaptive capacity to climate. Indeed climate change, measured in decades, is arguably much less significant than existing variability, especially given the design life of most rural water supply systems.
Country fact sheet 2 climate summary ethiopia s topography is characterized by large regional differences. Climate change adaptation thought leadership and assessments atlas. Ethiopia climate risk country profile climate change knowledge. This paper examines the effects of climate variability on schooling outcomes in rural ethiopia.
On the basis of this study, 22% of respondents confirmed that there is a very high decrease in precipitation pattern, 44. Some studies have been applied on economicwide impact of climate change using general equilibrium modeling. Some of the variability does not appear to be caused systematically and occurs at random times. Climate variability and climate change, what is the. Both primary and secondary data sources were used and data. Particularly ethiopia is among the most vulnerable countries to climate variability with little adaptive capacity. Introduction smallscale irrigation is a policy priority in ethiopia for rural poverty alleviation and growth mofed, 2006, as well as climate adaptation goe, 2007. To achieve thiswe employ arangeof data and methods. Food security is highly sensitive to climate risks in ethiopia. This study was aimed to assess perception of smallholder farmers. Information csi documents for ethiopia for funding under the title ii. We estimate the effects of climate variability and change on agricultural revenues of smallscale farmers in kenya. The present study was carried out in the southern afar region in ethiopia to assess the vulnerability of pastoral communities to climate change and variability. Climate variability and climate change, what is the difference.
Local climate variability and crop production in the central. On the impact of weather variability and climate change on agriculture. Using a multistage sampling technique, 403 farm households were surveyed to substantiate farmers perceptions about climate variability and. The relevance of climate and its variability on natural. Evidence from ethiopia mintewab bezabih, salvatore di falco, and alemu mekonnen abstract weather fluctuations tend to be as important as climate change in farmers decision making in countries such as ethiopia that have virtually no weather insurance. Enormous progress has been made in increasing our understanding of climate change and its causes, and a clearer picture of current and future impacts is emerging. In particular, this paper investigates whether femaleheaded households. This variability is the result of natural, largescale features of the climate, which can occur at the same time as climate change. Ethiopia and by extension ethiopian cities can turn to alternative power sources for a more. Impacts of climate variability and households adaptation.
The aim of this study was to understand the association of crop production with climate variability in the central highlands of ethiopia. A recent study by undp 2008 also indicates that climate change in ethiopia could lead to extreme temperatures and rainfall events, as well as more heavy and. Local institutions, external interventions, and adaptations. This study investigated the impacts of climate variability on livelihoods of pastoral communities from two villages namely engikaret and namanga in longido district. Equitable mechanisms for water distribution and benefit sharing are critical. Climate variability and farmers perception in southern ethiopia. Rosegrantc, xinshen diaoc ainternational research institute for climate and society, columbia university, lamont campus, 61 rt. Climate variability and climate change what is the difference. This briefing paper explores the linkages between climate fragility and security risks in ethiopia by looking at how climate variability and change can contribute to existing tensions, thus further destabilising the country and having broader regional implications.
A gender and household welfare perspective, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy ec onomics of the university of dar es salaam. A microsimulation approach tesfamichael wossen abstract in this paper, we examine the genderspecific effects of climate variability using household level data from rural ethiopia. Impacts of considering climate variability on investment decisions in ethiopia paul j. Increasing annual mean temperatures increased precipitation variability increased uncertainty and intensity of. In this section, we first show how climate variability may affect productivity, using a conceptual framework developed by antle and capalbo 2010. Ethiopia is one of the most vulnerable countries of the world to the impacts of climate change and variability. Economic analysis of largescale upstream river basin. Adaptation of agriculture to climate change in semiarid. Integrated landscape management to enhance food security and ecosystem resilience in. Estimates suggest climate change may reduce ethiopia s gdp up to 10 percent by 2045, primarily through impacts on. Gridded annual temperature and precipitation data were obtained from the national meteorological agency nma of ethiopia for the period between 1983 and 2014. Farmers perception and adaptive capacity to climate change and variability in the upper catchment of blue nile, ethiopia 8 atps working paper no. Climaterelated vulnerability and adaptivecapacity in ethiopias borana and somali communities the regions climate is changing in unprecedented ways p astoral communities in the borana and shinile zones of ethiopia have been adapting their livelihoods to changing environmental conditions for centuries. Climate change refers to changes in these statistics over years, decades, or even centuries.
On the impact of weather variability and climate change on. Weexamine the changingnature of climate risks using analysis of recent climate variability, future climate scenarios and their secondary impacts. Yet, those studies were not bespoke to examine global climate change impact on food security of individual household. Juneseptember kiremt, octoberjanuary bega, and februarymay belg. Pdf climate change in ethiopia variability, impact. Aug, 2019 the impacts of climate variability and change are being felt by various sectors of economic life, especially the agricultural sector. Climate variability and climate change in doba district, west hararghe, ethiopia belaineh legesse1 yared ayele2 woldeamlak bewket3 abstract this study assessed farmers perceptions and adaptation to climate variability and change in doba district, west hararghe, ethiopia. Considerable diversity is prevailing in ethiopia in terms of agroecology, socioeconomic set up, climate change and variability. The summer of 2009 was one of michigans coldest summers on record.
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